I was actively involved with the formulation and nomenclature of the domain name system for Singapore. These were during the early days of the Internet here and was really a collaboration of technologists and interested parties.
I was the main editor of the SG DNS proposals and all of these were documented and hosted on my home page at Pacific Internet – home.pacific.net.sg/~harish. Unfortunately, all of that is now no longer available, but fortunately, I managed to rescue it before Pacific Internet disappeared.
Here they are:
March 20th 1995: version 0.1:
Hi. Here is the 1st cut of the the pertinent aspects of the proposed SG naming scheme. Comments are sought. =========================================================================== Harish Pillay March 20th 1995 SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC Version 0.1 The SG Domain Status of this Memo This is an alpha version of a proposed SG Internet Domain Naming Scheme. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This memo would eventually take the form of a RFC and would be binding to all Internet access sites under the SG domain. Naming Structure Singapore being a city-state enjoys a status where we do not have states as political subdivisions. Hence the proposed hierarchy for SG domain is reduced by one level. The SG domain will use 2-letter name tokens in it's 2nd tier level so as to keep the full domain name short and succinct. The proposed hierarchy is as follows: co.sg: All commercial organizations - sole proprietorships, private limited companies and public-listed companies. ac.sg: All tertiary institutions awarding diplomas and degrees. pte.ac.sg: The option for commercially-run schools to be placed under this domain or under co.sg. re.sg: All research-only organizations that do not themselves conduct academic courses on which diplomas/degrees are awarded. ISEAS will fall under this. go.sg: All government related entities. or.sg: Organizations that are clubs, societies, associations and including political parties. This domain name can have a one more level to indicate entities such as community centers, resident's committees and political parties. cc.or.sg: Community Centers rc.or.sg: Residents' Committees po.or.sg: Political Organization. tc.sg: All town councils. pu.sg: Miscellaneous, public knowledge organizations or information kiosks. Hence, www.sg will be www.pu.sg if the govt/NCB/Technet does not want ownership. sh.sg: All schools under the Ministry of Education and includes independent, autonomous and privately-run schools. This is not the complete domain name as all schools have to be identified under as to whether they are junior colleges or secondary or primary or private schools. jc.sh.sg: All Junior Colleges - example raffles.jc.sh.sg, temasek.jc.sh.sg. sec.sh.sg: All secondary schools - example raffles.sec.sh.sg, temasek.sec.sh.sg, raffles-girls.sec.sh.sg pri.sh.sg: All primary schools - raffles-girls.pri.sh.sg, temasek.pri.sh.sg. pte.sh.sg: All privately run schools. They have the option of being under co.sg as these are commercially run entities. ne.sg: All networks. te.sg: All technical education institutions that award technican certificates. Where to go from here As this is a working document, comments are sought to ensure that the nomenclature is well thought out and robust. Guidelines on accessibility, conflict resolution and any others will be added to this document. I will be the chief maintainer of this SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC. The final document will be modeled very much after RFC 1480 The US Domain. ==============================================================================
March 21st 1995: version 0.2:
NOTE: This version discusses a DNS structure with 3-letters in it's
2nd tier.
============================================================================
Harish Pillay
March 21st 1995
SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC Version 0.2
The SG Domain
Status of this Memo
This is an alpha version of a proposed SG Internet Domain Naming
Scheme. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
This memo would eventually take the form of a RFC and would be binding
to all Internet access sites under the SG domain.
Naming Structure
Singapore being a city-state enjoys a status where we do not have states
as a political subdivision. This lets us tag the numerous entities we
have to the second tier. This lets the SG domain to be creative in
it's structure.
Additional criteria to the structure are:
a) Scalability: The DN must be scalable allowing for growth that is
manageable and maintainable.
b) Addition of new 2nd tiers: This DN uses three letters in it's 2nd tier
instead of two letters as a trade off to provide a
mechanism for new, yet unknown, additions.
c) Pronounceability: This is NOT important and is used only when there
is a choice of multiple names. The preference will be
given to the one that is pronouceable.
d) Identifiability: The domain name should help identify the nature of
the domain - be it educational, commercial and so on. This
is to allow for the creation of individual, user-centered
domain names.
The SG domain will use 3-letter name tokens in it's 2nd tier level.
The proposed hierarchy is as follows:
com.sg: All commercial organizations - sole proprietorships, private
limited companies and public-listed companies. Entries in this
group have to be registered with the Registry of Companies and
Businesses. This DN could potentially grow to levels that it
may not be easily managed. At the state of current technology,
when the number of sites reach about 30,000, the com.sg will
be closed. The number indicated will be reviewed, upwards in
all likelihood, from time to time to account for technical
advances.
bus.sg: Businesses both private limited and public companies.
tra.sg: Trading - chiefly sole proprietorships.
mnc.sg: Multinational Companies that have a global reach but are
Singapore-based/headquartered.
The three domain names above are to handle spill overs from
the com.sg domain space when it fills up.
edu.sg: All tertiary institutions awarding diplomas and degrees. This
would mean that all current ac.sg sites and nus.sg will have a
CNAME record in the primary and secondary nameservers to
provide the mapping. At a future date to be determined by the
proposed SGNIC, the CNAME translation will be dropped.
pte.edu.sg: The option for commercially-run schools to be placed under
this domain or under com.sg.
res.sg: All research-only establishments that do not themselves conduct
academic courses on which diplomas/degrees are awarded. ISEAS,
IME, IMCB and other research-only establishments would be
appropriate candidates. ISS, on the other hand, would fall under
edu.sg as they award diplomas. They do not have to fall under
nus.edu.sg. Similarly for ICIS.
gov.sg: All government related entities. This is potentially a large
domain and would have to be subdivided into a third tier as such:
mindef.gov.sg: Ministry of Defense.
mita.gov.sg: Ministry of Information and the Arts.
env.gov.sg: Environment Ministry.
moe.gov.sg: Ministry of Education.
law.gov.sg: Law Ministry.
mha.gov.sg: Ministry of Home Affairs.
health.gov.sg: Ministry of Health.
mti.gov.sg: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
finance.gov.sg: Ministry of Finance.
mnd.gov.sg: Ministry of National Development.
mincom.gov.sg: Ministry of Communication.
mcd.gov.sg: Ministry of Community Development
Departments that fall under each department, for example, Public
Works Department, has the choice of being pwd.mnd.gov.sg or pwd.gov.sg.
This is a policy decision that is not addressed in this RFC. It will
be mutually decided upon jointly by the Domain Name Administrators
of both gov.sg and mnd.gov.sg.
org.sg: Organizations that are clubs, societies, associations and including
political parties. This domain name can have a one more level to
indicate entities such as community centers, resident's committees
and political parties.
cc.org.sg: Community Centers.
rc.org.sg: Residents' Committees.
po.org.sg: Political Organization.
rotary.org.sg: The Rotary Club.
lions.org.sg: The Lions Club.
twc.sg: All town councils.
gen.sg: General .sg-wide services domain. This is a catch-all for public
knowledge services and information kiosks. This will have specific
.sg wide domains that do not have specific ownership by any one of
the entities in other name spaces. Examples are:
www.gen.sg: The well-known DN to all WWW servers under .sg.
gohper.gen.sg: The well-known DN to all gophers under .sg
whois.gen.sg: The well-known WHOIS server for .sg
ns.gen.sg: The well-known nameserver for .sg
The entity that manages .sg will also manage gen.sg as well as
these well-known domains. The management of such name spaces
will be neutral and transparent.
sch.sg: All schools under the Ministry of Education and includes independent,
autonomous and privately-run schools. This is not the complete domain
name as all schools have to be identified under as to whether they
are junior colleges, institutes or secondary or primary or private
schools.
jc.sch.sg: All Junior Colleges
anderson.jc.sch.sg,
anglo-chinese.jc.sch.sg,
catholic.jc.sch.sg,
hwa-chong.jc.sch.sg,
jurong.jc.sch.sg,
nanyang.jc.sch.sg,
national.jc.sch.sg,
serangoon.jc.sch.sg,
st-andrews.jc.sch.sg,
raffles.jc.sch.sg,
tampines.jc.sch.sg.
temasek.jc.sch.sg.
victoria.jc.sch.sg,
yishun.jc.sch.sg.
inst.sch.sg: All 3-year pre-university schools:
jurong.inst.sch.sg,
outram.inst.sch.sg,
seletar.inst.sch.sg,
townsville.inst.sch.sg.
sec.sch.sg: All secondary schools. The names can be either the commonly
known initial or a full name to remove ambiguity. The aim
is to keep the name identifiable with what is commonly
used. For example:
ri.sec.sch.sg: Raffles Institution
sji.sec.sch.sg: St Joseph's Institution
asci.sec.sch.sg: ACS (Independent).
acs.sec.sch.sg: ACS (Barker Road).
temasek.sec.sch.sg: Temasek Secondary School.
raffles-girls.sec.sch.sg: Raffles Girls' Secondary School.
tkgs.sec.sch.sg: Tanjong Katong Girls' Secondary School.
pri.sch.sg: All primary schools - raffles-girls.pri.sch.sg,
temasek.pri.sch.sg.
pte.sch.sg: All privately-run and special education schools. The private
schools have the option of being under co.sg as these are
commercially run entities.
net.sg: All networks.
tec.sg: All technical education entities that award technician
certificates. Hence, campuses of the ITE will be under this name space.
nii.sg: The National Information Infrastructure. NII could conceivably
be placed under gen.sg. However, in the interests of brevity
the NII should have it's own name space on the second tier.
ten.sg: The Tendered out - vanity - name space. This name space will be
held by the SGNIC authority. Under this name space, there will
be any number of names that can be leased. For example, a name
such as superman.ten.sg can be put up for auction and the highest
bidder will win the right to lease it. There will be a monthly
rental fee to all such names leased out. SGNIC will ensure that
all such names leased out are within the boundaries of common
decencies and conforms to the laws of the Republic of Singapore.
Hence, commonly construed vulgar and rude terms will not be
available for leasing. The monies derived from such leases will
be used to offset the operations of the SGNIC.
The advantage of the ten.sg is that it offers individuals to have
their personal name space within the domain name scheme and is not
tied to a corporation or educational entity.
April 18th, 1995: version 0.3:
This is Version 0.3 of the proposed SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC.
Comments sought, please.
Summary of changes - from 0.2:
a) Added biz.sg as a potential holder of spill-over from com.sg.
b) Kept sch.sg hierarchy.
c) Dropped ite.sg.
d) Dropped res.sg.
e) Dropped ten.sg.
f) Dropped gen.sg.
g) Dropped twc.sg.
h) Added www.sg.
i) Process for DNS requests/reclamation of DNS.
j) Process for adding new Second Level DNS.
Regards.
==========================================================================
Harish Pillay h.pillay@ieee.org
April 18th 1995
SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC Version 0.3
The SG Domain
1.0 Status of this Memo
1.1 This is an alpha version of a proposed SG Internet Domain Naming
Scheme. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
1.2 This memo would eventually take the form of a RFC and would be binding
to all Internet access sites under the SG domain.
2.0 Naming Structure
2.1 Singapore being a city-state enjoys a status where we do not have states
as a political subdivision. This lets us tag the numerous entities we have
to the second tier. This lets the SG domain to be creative in it's structure.
2.2 Additional criteria to the structure are:
a) Scalability: The DN must be scalable allowing for growth that is
manageable, logical, maintainable and sensible.
b) Addition of new 2nd tiers: This DN uses three letters in it's 2nd tier
instead of two letters as a trade off to provide a
mechanism for new, yet unknown, future additions.
c) Pronounceability: This is NOT important and is used only when there
is a choice of multiple names. The preference will be
given to the one that is pronouceable.
d) Identifiability: The domain name should help identify the nature of
the domain - be it educational, commercial and so on. This
is to allow for the creation of individual, user-centered
domain names.
2.3 The SG domain will use 3-letter name tokens in it's 2nd tier level.
2.4 The proposed hierarchy is as follows:
com.sg: All commercial organizations - sole proprietorships, private
limited companies and public-listed companies. Entries in this
group have to be registered with the Registry of Companies and
Businesses. This DN could potentially grow to levels that it
may not be easily managed. At the state of current technology,
when the number of sites reach about 30,000, the com.sg will
be closed. The number indicated will be reviewed, upwards in
all likelihood, from time to time to account for technical
advances.
biz.sg: Same as com.sg. This DNS will not be used until the .com.sg
second level is "full" based on the suggested 30,000 names.
edu.sg: All institutions not under the conventional definition of a
school. These include universities, polytechnics, and institutes
of special and technical education. This would mean that all
current ac.sg sites and nus.sg will have a CNAME record in the
primary and secondary nameservers to provide the mapping. At a
future date to be determined by the proposed SGNIC, the CNAME
translation will be dropped.
sch.sg: All schools under the Ministry of Education and including
independent, autonomous and privately-run schools. This is not
the complete domain name as all schools have to be identified
under as to whether they are junior colleges, institutes or
secondary or primary or private schools.
jc.sch.sg: All Junior Colleges and the following are examples:
anderson.jc.sch.sg,
anglo-chinese.jc.sch.sg,
catholic.jc.sch.sg,
hwa-chong.jc.sch.sg,
jurong.jc.sch.sg,
nanyang.jc.sch.sg,
national.jc.sch.sg,
serangoon.jc.sch.sg,
st-andrews.jc.sch.sg,
raffles.jc.sch.sg,
tampines.jc.sch.sg,
temasek.jc.sch.sg,
victoria.jc.sch.sg,
yishun.jc.sch.sg.
inst.sch.sg: All 3-year pre-university schools (for example):
jurong.inst.sch.sg,
outram.inst.sch.sg,
seletar.inst.sch.sg,
townsville.inst.sch.sg.
sec.sch.sg: All secondary schools. The names can be either the commonly
known initials or a full name to remove ambiguity. The aim
is to keep the name identifiable with what is in common use.
For example:
ri.sec.sch.sg: Raffles Institution
sji.sec.sch.sg: St Joseph's Institution
asci.sec.sch.sg: ACS (Independent).
acs.sec.sch.sg: ACS (Barker Road).
temasek.sec.sch.sg: Temasek Secondary School.
raffles-girls.sec.sch.sg: Raffles Girls' Secondary School.
tkgs.sec.sch.sg: Tanjong Katong Girls' Secondary School.
pri.sch.sg: All primary schools - raffles-girls.pri.sch.sg,
temasek.pri.sch.sg.
pte.sch.sg: All privately-run and special education schools. The private
schools have the option of being under com.sg as these are
commercially run entities.
net.sg: All networks. So technet.sg would be technet.net.sg, singnet.com.sg
would be singnet.net.sg. A distinction needs to be made for what
is currently happening. As these two existing sites provide
both dialup and leased line services, the aspect of their activity
that is dialup shall remain as singnet.com.sg while the leased
line component shall be singnet.net.sg.
gov.sg: All government related entities. This is potentially a large
domain and would have to be subdivided into a third tier as such:
Some suggested examples of such DNS are:
mindef.gov.sg: Ministry of Defense.
mita.gov.sg: Ministry of Information and the Arts.
env.gov.sg: Environment Ministry.
moe.gov.sg: Ministry of Education.
law.gov.sg: Law Ministry.
mha.gov.sg: Ministry of Home Affairs.
health.gov.sg: Ministry of Health.
mti.gov.sg: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
finance.gov.sg: Ministry of Finance.
mnd.gov.sg: Ministry of National Development.
mincom.gov.sg: Ministry of Communication.
mcd.gov.sg: Ministry of Community Development.
jud.gov.sg: The Judiciary.
parl.gov.sg: The Parliament.
pmo.gov.sg: The Prime Minister's Office.
prez.gov.sg: The President's Office.
www.gov.sg: The Web site for the government.
Departments that under a ministry, for example, Public Works
Department, has the choice of being pwd.mnd.gov.sg or pwd.gov.sg.
This is a policy decision that is not addressed in this RFC. It will
be mutually decided upon jointly by the Domain Name Administrators
of both gov.sg and mnd.gov.sg.
org.sg: Organizations that are clubs, societies, associations and including
political parties. This domain name can have a one more level to
indicate entities such as community centers, resident's committees
and political parties.
cc.org.sg: Community Centers.
rc.org.sg: Residents' Committees.
po.org.sg: Political Organization.
rotary.org.sg: The Rotary Club.
lions.org.sg: The Lions Club.
twc.org.sg: The Town Councils.
www.sg: A main web server for SG domain. This Web server does not
necessarily belong to the government nor it's officers. It is
meant to be a common entry point to all Web sites in the SG
domain and shall remain neutral. This Second Level DNS does
not have subsidiary levels.
nii.sg: The National Information Infrastructure.
3.0 Request for DNS Support
3.1 Any entity or individual can request for a domain name under the SG
hierarchy.
3.2 An individual or entity is not restricted to her/their choice of an
internet access/service provider. If the chosen IAP/ISP is not one that
operates under the SG domain, then the requestor will be levied an annual
administrative charge to cover the cost of providing the DNS support.
3.3 The SGNIC or some such entity will decide on the charges for such
administrative activities. The cost should not be prohibitive and must
be reasonable. The SIGNIC or some such entity will have to right to
waive such administrative charges on a case by case basis.
3.4 Support for an entity under the SG domain does not imply that such
an organization is physically located in the political and geographical
entity of Singapore. Being under the SG domain is a logical association
rather than a physical one. This is exactly what is the case when
an entity is registered under the Top Level Domain of .com, .org, .int
and .net.
3.5 Such a scheme allows for organizations that belong to a SG entity -
for example, the Singapore Embassy in Manila - to be under the DNS
embassy-manila.mfa.gov.sg even though they are physically located in Manila.
3.6 Domain names requested for shall be names that are not commonly regarded
as words that are derogatory or potentially offensive. The SGNIC will reject
all such requests. The requestor whose domain name request was denied shall
appeal to the Chief Administrator of SGNIC for reconsideration. The Chief
Administrator of SGNIC decision on this issue shall be final.
4.0 Resolution of Name Conflicts
4.1 All requests for a domain name will be accepted on a first come, first
served basis.
4.2 Should there be a conflict of names, the second and all subsequent
requestors will be told of such (see also 5.0 below) and asked to pick a
new one.
4.3 DNS registration requests will be provided on a form modelled after
what is used by APNIC and Internic - duly modified for our purposes.
4.4 Entities registering under the com.sg/biz.sg/*.org.sg shall provide to
the SGNIC or some such entity proof of their existence by way of a
business certificate or a copy of a government gazette indicating that
they are indeed legally constituted entities. Failing to provide such
proof puts the application on hold and the requestor will be duly notified.
After one week of being notified, the application will be rejected if nothing
is forthcoming and the application sent back to the requestor.
4.5 Should a domain name be granted and subsequently found to be a tradename
or copyrighted by some other entity, the SGNIC or some such entity that
granted the domain name will not be liable for any legal action. It is
upto the holder of the legal tradename or copyright to settle the right
of use and ownership with the holder of the domain name.
5.0 Reclaiming Domainnames
5.1 Reclaiming of domainnames will be done only when there is a request for
registration of an existing domain name. When such a request is made, the
SGNIC will inform the current holders of the requested domain name to
indicate if the domain name is active and in use. If the domain name holder
does not indicate that the domain name is in use or active, the SGNIC
will reclaim the domain name and re-issue it to the new requestor.
5.2 In order that this reclamation is done fairly, SGNIC will with due
diligence and in good faith, inform the current known holder of the domain
name using all normal means of communication including electronic mail,
postal mail, fax and phone calls.
5.3 A period of one month shall be provided to let the current holder
of a domain name to respond. Failing which, the SGNIC will consider that
the domain name has been given up and re-issue it to the new requestor.
6.0 Adding New Second Level Domains
6.1 The SG domain structure is designed to be extended at the second
level when needed.
6.2 A second level domain (SLD) shall be created when there is an obvious
need for one. It shall be proposed to the SGNIC by anyone from the Internet
community in Singapore or could have been brought up by the SGNIC on it's
own.
6.3 A public discussion period of at least one month is needed to determine
if there really is a need for such a SLD.
6.4 After the one month period, the SGNIC will decide after considering
all the arguments stated for and against such a request. This decision
will be made in good faith and with the intention to make the SG domain
structure clear and consistent.
=============================================================================
July 10th, 1995: version 0.4:
Hi. After a long time, here is the next incarnation of the SG DNS proposal.
This is version 0.4. It will be available on the web at:
http://home.pacific.net.sg/~harish/sg-dns.4.html
Thanks.
==================
This is Version 0.4 of the proposed SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC. Comments sought,
please.
Summary of changes - from 0.3:
a) Dropped sch.sg
b) Rearranged responsibilities for the *.edu.sg.
c) Added new SLD pob.sg
d) Clarified delegation and administration responsibilities for the various
domains.
Summary:
All the salient points from the discussions previously have been considered
and I do accept the arguments againt sch.sg. Although I personally feel
that it should be kept, I am taking into consideration the general feeling
on this matter.
On the issue of edu.sg being across the board, I will stand by the need for
nus.sg and all *.ac.sg to migrate to edu.sg. I hate confusing domain names.
The worst of the lot is a mixture of 2- and 3-letter second LD. It is
inconsistent and unnecessary. It should either be 2 or 3.
I am adding the pob.sg as a candidate for persistent e-mail and as a tendered-
out third level domain. The ideas there come from some work being done at
the NCB and also from Dave Conrad's tendering scheme (which I dropped in
version 0.3).
Regards.
=======================================================================
Harish Pillay h.pillay@ieee.org
July 10th 1995
SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC Version 0.4
The SG Domain
1.0 Status of this Memo
1.1 This is an alpha version of a proposed SG Internet Domain Naming
Scheme. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
1.2 This memo would eventually take the form of a RFC and would be binding
to all Internet access sites under the SG domain.
2.0 Naming Structure
2.1 Singapore being a city-state enjoys a status where we do not have states
as a political subdivision. This lets us tag the numerous entities we have
to the second tier. This lets the SG domain to be creative in it's structure.
2.2 Additional criteria to the structure are:
a) Scalability: The DN must be scalable allowing for growth that is
manageable, logical, maintainable and sensible.
b) Addition of new 2nd tiers: This DN uses three letters in it's 2nd tier
instead of two letters as a trade off to provide a
mechanism for new, yet unknown, future additions.
c) Pronounceability: This is NOT important and is used only when there
is a choice of multiple names. The preference will be
given to the one that is pronouceable.
d) Identifiability: The domain name should help identify the nature of
the domain - be it educational, commercial and so on. This
is to allow for the creation of individual, user-centered
domain names.
2.3 The SG domain will use 3-letter name tokens in it's 2nd tier level.
2.4 The proposed hierarchy is as follows:
com.sg: All commercial organizations - sole proprietorships, private
limited companies and public-listed companies. Entries in this
group have to be registered with the Registry of Companies and
Businesses. This DN could potentially grow to levels that it
may not be easily managed. At the state of current technology,
when the number of sites reach about 30,000, the com.sg will
be closed. The number indicated will be reviewed, upwards in
all likelihood, from time to time to account for technical
advances.
Administered by SGNIC.
biz.sg: Same as com.sg. This DNS will not be used until the .com.sg
second level is "full" based on the suggested 30,000 names.
Administered by SGNIC.
edu.sg: This will be the second-level for all educational
institutions. These include universities, polytechnics, and
institutes of special and technical education junior colleges,
secondary and primary schools and kindergartens. This would
mean that all current ac.sg sites and nus.sg will have a CNAME
record in the primary and secondary nameservers to provide the
mapping. At a future date to be determined by the proposed SGNIC,
the CNAME translation will be dropped.
The delegation of the edu.sg will be held by SGNIC. SGNIC will
delegate the following to the respective institutions:
nus.edu.sg: National University of Singapore NIC or equivalent
ntu.edu.sg: Nanyang Technologial University NIC or equivalent
sp.edu.sg: Singapore Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
np.edu.sg: Ngee Ann Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
tp.edu.sg: Temasek Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
nyp.edu.sg: Nanyang Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
All schools under the Ministry of Education and including
independent, autonomous and privately-run schools will be
placed under one of the following:
jc.edu.sg, inst.edu.sg, sec.edu.sg, pri.edu.sg, pte.edu.sg
The authority for the preceding third-level will be be with
the Ministry of Education NIC or equivalent.
Here are some examples of these sites:
All Junior Colleges and the following are examples:
anderson.jc.edu.sg,
anglo-chinese.jc.edu.sg,
catholic.jc.edu.sg,
hwa-chong.jc.edu.sg,
jurong.jc.edu.sg,
nanyang.jc.edu.sg,
national.jc.edu.sg,
serangoon.jc.edu.sg,
st-andrews.jc.edu.sg,
raffles.jc.edu.sg,
tampines.jc.edu.sg,
temasek.jc.edu.sg,
victoria.jc.edu.sg,
yishun.jc.edu.sg.
All 3-year pre-university schools (for example):
jurong.inst.edu.sg,
outram.inst.edu.sg,
seletar.inst.edu.sg,
townsville.inst.edu.sg.
All secondary schools. The names can be either the commonly
known initials or a full name to remove ambiguity. The aim
is to keep the name identifiable with what is in common use.
For example:
ri.sec.edu.sg: Raffles Institution
sji.sec.edu.sg: St Joseph's Institution
asci.sec.edu.sg: ACS (Independent).
acs.sec.edu.sg: ACS (Barker Road).
temasek.sec.edu.sg: Temasek Secondary School.
raffles-girls.sec.edu.sg: Raffles Girls' Secondary School.
tkgs.sec.edu.sg: Tanjong Katong Girls' Secondary School.
All primary schools - raffles-girls.pri.sch.sg,
temasek.pri.edu.sg.
All privately-run and special education schools. The private
schools have the option of being under com.sg as these are
commercially run entities.
Administered by SGNIC.
net.sg: All networks. So technet.sg would be technet.net.sg (or whatever
the new network is to be called), singnet.com.sg would be
singnet.net.sg. A distinction needs to be made for what
is currently happening. As these two existing sites provide
both dialup and leased line services, the aspect of their activity
that is dialup shall remain as singnet.com.sg while the leased
line component shall be singnet.net.sg.
Administered by SGNIC.
gov.sg: All government related entities. This is potentially a large
domain and would have to be subdivided into a third tier as such:
Some suggested examples of such DNS are:
mindef.gov.sg: Ministry of Defense.
mita.gov.sg: Ministry of Information and the Arts.
env.gov.sg: Environment Ministry.
moe.gov.sg: Ministry of Education.
law.gov.sg: Law Ministry.
mha.gov.sg: Ministry of Home Affairs.
health.gov.sg: Ministry of Health.
mti.gov.sg: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
finance.gov.sg: Ministry of Finance.
mnd.gov.sg: Ministry of National Development.
mincom.gov.sg: Ministry of Communication.
mcd.gov.sg: Ministry of Community Development.
jud.gov.sg: The Judiciary.
parl.gov.sg: The Parliament.
pmo.gov.sg: The Prime Minister's Office.
prez.gov.sg: The President's Office.
www.gov.sg: The Web site for the government.
Departments that under a ministry, for example, Public Works
Department, has the choice of being pwd.mnd.gov.sg or pwd.gov.sg.
This is a policy decision that is not addressed in this RFC. It
will be mutually decided upon jointly by the Domain Name
Administrators of both gov.sg and mnd.gov.sg.
Administered by SGNIC.
org.sg: Organizations that are clubs, societies, associations and including
political parties. This domain name can have a one more level to
indicate entities such as community centers, resident's committees
and political parties.
cc.org.sg: Community Centers.
rc.org.sg: Residents' Committees.
po.org.sg: Political Organization.
rotary.org.sg: The Rotary Club.
lions.org.sg: The Lions Club.
twc.org.sg: The Town Councils.
Administered by SGNIC.
www.sg: A main web server for SG domain. This Web server does not
necessarily belong to the government nor it's officers. It is
meant to be a common entry point to all Web sites in the SG
domain and shall remain neutral. This Second Level DNS does
not have subsidiary levels.
Administered by SGNIC.
nii.sg: The National Information Infrastructure.
Administered by SGNIC.
pob.sg: The e-mail post office box persistent address mechanism. This is
a scheme to provide a persistent e-mail address to users that are
independent of their internet access provider/employer/school. This
mecahnism will operate via the establishment of third-level domains
to whom users can subscribe to. These third LDs will provide just
the routing of address to real e-mail addresses. As this domain can
become very large and has to be broken down into sections that can be
put out for tender/bid/auction valid for say five (5) years. The
exact nature of this third LD will be up to SGNIC to propose.
Administered by SGNIC.
3.0 Request for DNS Support
3.1 Any entity or individual can request for a domain name under the SG
hierarchy.
3.2 An individual or entity is not restricted to her/their choice of an
internet access/service provider. If the chosen IAP/ISP is not one that
operates under the SG domain, then the requestor will be levied an annual
administrative charge to cover the cost of providing the DNS support.
3.3 The SGNIC or some such entity will decide on the charges for such
administrative activities. The cost should not be prohibitive and must
be reasonable. The SGNIC or some such entity will have to right to waive
such administrative charges on a case by case basis.
3.4 Support for an entity under the SG domain does not imply that such
an organization is physically located in the political and geographical
entity of Singapore. Being under the SG domain is a logical association
rather than a physical one. This is exactly what is the case when
an entity is registered under the Top Level Domain of .com, .org, .int
and .net.
3.5 Such a scheme allows for organizations that belong to a SG entity -
for example, the Singapore Embassy in Manila - to be under the DNS
embassy-manila.mfa.gov.sg even though they are physically located in Manila.
3.6 Domain names requested for shall be names that are not commonly regarded
as words that are derogatory or potentially offensive. The language used
to determine will be English and transliterations of words into English from
other common languages. The SGNIC will reject all such requests. The
requestor whose domain name request was denied shall appeal to the Chief
Administrator of SGNIC for reconsideration. The Chief Administrator of
SGNIC decision on this issue shall be final.
4.0 Resolution of Name Conflicts
4.1 All requests for a domain name will be accepted on a first come, first
served basis.
4.2 Should there be a conflict of names, the second and all subsequent
requestors will be told of such (see also 5.0 below) and asked to pick a
new one.
4.3 DNS registration requests will be provided on a form modelled after
what is used by APNIC and Internic - modified as appropriate for terminology
and context.
4.4 Entities registering under the com.sg/biz.sg/*.org.sg shall provide to
the SGNIC or some such entity proof of their existence by way of a business
certificate or a copy of a government gazette indicating that they are indeed
legally constituted entities. Failing to provide such proof puts the
application on hold and the requestor will be duly notified. After one week
of being notified, the application will be rejected if nothing is forthcoming
and the application sent back to the requestor.
4.5 Should a domain name be granted and subsequently found to be a tradename
or copyrighted by some other entity, the SGNIC or some such entity that
granted the domain name will not be liable for any legal action. It is upto
the holder of the legal tradename or copyright to settle the right of use and
ownership with the holder of the domain name.
5.0 Reclaiming Domainnames
5.1 Reclaiming of domainnames will be done only when there is a request for
registration of an existing domain name. When such a request is made, the
SGNIC will inform the current holders of the requested domain name to indicate
if the domain name is active and in use. If the domain name holder does not
indicate that the domain name is in use or active, the SGNIC will reclaim the
domain name and re-issue it to the new requestor.
5.2 In order that this reclamation is done fairly, SGNIC will with due
diligence and in good faith, inform the current known holder of the domain
name using all normal means of communication including electronic mail,
postal mail, fax and phone calls.
5.3 A period of one month shall be provided to let the current holder
of a domain name to respond. Failing which, the SGNIC will consider that
the domain name has been given up and re-issue it to the new requestor.
6.0 Adding New Second Level Domains
6.1 The SG domain structure is designed to be extended at the second
level when needed.
6.2 A second level domain (SLD) shall be created when there is an obvious
need for one. It shall be proposed to the SGNIC by anyone from the Internet
community in Singapore or could have been brought up by the SGNIC on it's
own.
6.3 A public discussion period of at least one month is needed to determine
if there really is a need for such a SLD.
6.4 After the one month period, the SGNIC will decide after considering
all the arguments stated for and against such a request. This decision
will be made in good faith and with the intention to make the SG domain
structure clear and consistent.
===============
--
Harish Pillay | harish@csah.com, h.pillay@ieee.org
Senior Technical Consultant | http://www.csah.com/~harish
CSA Pte Ltd, 221 Henderson Rd #05-03, | +(65)-371-9820 (work), 276-4968 (fax)
Singapore 0315, Republic of Singapore. | ++++ Ask me about Linux ++++
July 11th 1995, version 0.5:
This is Version 0.5 of the proposed SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC. Comments sought,
please.
Summary of changes - from 0.4:
a) Changed requirement for registering org.sg
b) Added 4.5.
Summary 0.3 to 0.4:
All the salient points from the discussions previously have been considered
and I do accept the arguments againt sch.sg. Although I personally feel
that it should be kept, I am taking into consideration the general feeling
on this matter.
On the issue of edu.sg being across the board, I will stand by the need for
nus.sg and all *.ac.sg to migrate to edu.sg. I hate confusing domain names.
The worst of the lot is a mixture of 2- and 3-letter second LD. It is
inconsistent and unnecessary. It should either be 2 or 3.
I am adding the pob.sg as a candidate for persistent e-mail and as a tendered-
out third level domain. The ideas there come from some work being done at
the NCB and also from Dave Conrad's tendering scheme (which I dropped in
version 0.3).
Summary 0.4 to 0.5:
Reviewed the requirement for *.org.sg. By insisting that all applications
be registered with the Registry of Society BEFORE the dns is too bureaucratic.
There are valid reasons for insisting that for .com.sg/.biz.sg. For .org.sg,
on the other hand, by making this optional, we all for the quick establishment
of such dns. The turn around time for the ROS to register a new organization
is sometimes stretching to 12 months. The Registry of Companies and Businesses
on the other hand seem to work a lot faster (2 weeks to a month).
==========================================================================
Harish Pillay h.pillay@ieee.org
July 11th 1995
SG-DNS-NAMES-RFC Version 0.5
The SG Domain
1.0 Status of this Memo
1.1 This is an alpha version of a proposed SG Internet Domain Naming
Scheme. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
1.2 This memo would eventually take the form of a RFC and would be binding
to all Internet access sites under the SG domain.
2.0 Naming Structure
2.1 Singapore being a city-state enjoys a status where we do not have states
as a political subdivision. This lets us tag the numerous entities we have
to the second tier. This lets the SG domain to be creative in it's structure.
2.2 Additional criteria to the structure are:
a) Scalability: The DN must be scalable allowing for growth that is
manageable, logical, maintainable and sensible.
b) Addition of new 2nd tiers: This DN uses three letters in it's 2nd tier
instead of two letters as a trade off to provide a
mechanism for new, yet unknown, future additions.
c) Pronounceability: This is NOT important and is used only when there
is a choice of multiple names. The preference will be
given to the one that is pronouceable.
d) Identifiability: The domain name should help identify the nature of
the domain - be it educational, commercial and so on. This
is to allow for the creation of individual, user-centered
domain names.
2.3 The SG domain will use 3-letter name tokens in it's 2nd tier level.
2.4 The proposed hierarchy is as follows:
com.sg: All commercial organizations - sole proprietorships, private
limited companies and public-listed companies. Entries in this
group have to be registered with the Registry of Companies and
Businesses. This DN could potentially grow to levels that it
may not be easily managed. At the state of current technology,
when the number of sites reach about 30,000, the com.sg will
be closed. The number indicated will be reviewed, upwards in
all likelihood, from time to time to account for technical
advances.
Administered by SGNIC.
biz.sg: Same as com.sg. This DNS will not be used until the .com.sg
second level is "full" based on the suggested 30,000 names.
Administered by SGNIC.
edu.sg: This will be the second-level for all education
institutions. These include universities, polytechnics, and
institutes of special and technical education, junior colleges,
secondary and primary schools and kindergartens. This would
mean that all current ac.sg sites and nus.sg will have a CNAME
record in the primary and secondary nameservers to provide the
mapping. At a future date to be determined by the proposed SGNIC,
the CNAME translation will be dropped. Included in the change
will be moe.ac.sg to moe.gov.sg.
The delegation of the edu.sg will be held by SGNIC. SGNIC will
delegate the following to the respective institutions:
nus.edu.sg: National University of Singapore NIC or equivalent
ntu.edu.sg: Nanyang Technologial University NIC or equivalent
sp.edu.sg: Singapore Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
np.edu.sg: Ngee Ann Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
tp.edu.sg: Temasek Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
nyp.edu.sg: Nanyang Polytechnic NIC or equivalent
All schools under the Ministry of Education and including
independent, autonomous and privately-run schools will be
placed under one of the following:
jc.edu.sg, inst.edu.sg, sec.edu.sg, pri.edu.sg, pte.edu.sg
The authority for the preceding third-level will be be with
the Ministry of Education NIC or equivalent.
Here are some examples of these sites:
All Junior Colleges and the following are examples:
anderson.jc.edu.sg,
anglo-chinese.jc.edu.sg,
catholic.jc.edu.sg,
hwa-chong.jc.edu.sg,
jurong.jc.edu.sg,
nanyang.jc.edu.sg,
national.jc.edu.sg,
serangoon.jc.edu.sg,
st-andrews.jc.edu.sg,
raffles.jc.edu.sg,
tampines.jc.edu.sg,
temasek.jc.edu.sg,
victoria.jc.edu.sg,
yishun.jc.edu.sg.
All 3-year pre-university schools (for example):
jurong.inst.edu.sg,
outram.inst.edu.sg,
seletar.inst.edu.sg,
townsville.inst.edu.sg.
All secondary schools. The names can be either the commonly
known initials or a full name to remove ambiguity. The aim
is to keep the name identifiable with what is in common use.
Commonsense rules will be applied for these names.
For example:
ri.sec.edu.sg: Raffles Institution
sji.sec.edu.sg: St Joseph's Institution
asci.sec.edu.sg: ACS (Independent).
acs.sec.edu.sg: ACS (Barker Road).
temasek.sec.edu.sg: Temasek Secondary School.
raffles-girls.sec.edu.sg: Raffles Girls' Secondary School.
tkgs.sec.edu.sg: Tanjong Katong Girls' Secondary School.
All primary schools - raffles-girls.pri.sch.sg,
temasek.pri.edu.sg.
All privately-run and special education schools. The private
schools have the option of being under com.sg as these are
commercially run entities.
Administered by SGNIC.
net.sg: All networks. So technet.sg would be technet.net.sg (or whatever
the new network is to be called), singnet.com.sg would be
singnet.net.sg. A distinction will be made to the aspects of the
business of such networks. The aspect of their business that is
dialup shall remain as singnet.com.sg, for example, while the leased
line component shall be singnet.net.sg.
Administered by SGNIC.
gov.sg: All government related entities. This is potentially a large
domain and would have to be subdivided into a third tier as such:
Some suggested examples of such DNS are:
mindef.gov.sg: Ministry of Defense.
mita.gov.sg: Ministry of Information and the Arts.
env.gov.sg: Environment Ministry.
moe.gov.sg: Ministry of Education.
law.gov.sg: Law Ministry.
mha.gov.sg: Ministry of Home Affairs.
health.gov.sg: Ministry of Health.
mti.gov.sg: Ministry of Trade and Industry.
finance.gov.sg: Ministry of Finance.
mnd.gov.sg: Ministry of National Development.
mincom.gov.sg: Ministry of Communication.
mcd.gov.sg: Ministry of Community Development.
jud.gov.sg: The Judiciary.
parl.gov.sg: The Parliament.
pmo.gov.sg: The Prime Minister's Office.
prez.gov.sg: The President's Office.
www.gov.sg: The Web site for the government.
Departments that under a ministry, for example, Public Works
Department, has the choice of being pwd.mnd.gov.sg or pwd.gov.sg.
This is a policy decision that is not addressed in this RFC. It
will be mutually decided upon jointly by the Domain Name
Administrators of both gov.sg and mnd.gov.sg.
Administered by SGNIC.
org.sg: Organizations that are clubs, societies, associations and including
political parties. This domain name can have a one more level to
indicate entities such as community centers, resident's committees
and political parties.
cc.org.sg: Community Centers.
rc.org.sg: Residents' Committees.
po.org.sg: Political Organization.
rotary.org.sg: The Rotary Club.
lions.org.sg: The Lions Club.
twc.org.sg: The Town Councils.
Administered by SGNIC.
www.sg: A main web server for SG domain. This Web server does not
necessarily belong to the government nor it's officers. It is
meant to be a common entry point to all Web sites in the SG
domain and shall remain neutral. This Second Level DNS does
not have subsidiary levels.
Administered by SGNIC.
nii.sg: The National Information Infrastructure.
Administered by SGNIC.
pob.sg: The e-mail post office box persistent address mechanism. This is
a scheme to provide a persistent e-mail address to users that are
independent of their internet access provider/employer/school. This
mechanism will operate via the establishment of third-level domains
to whom users can subscribe to. These third LDs will provide just
the routing of address to real e-mail addresses. As this domain can
become very large and has to be broken down into sections that can be
put out for tender/bid/auction valid for say five (5) years. The
exact nature of this third LD will be up to SGNIC to propose.
Administered by SGNIC.
3.0 Request for DNS Support
3.1 Any entity or individual can request for a domain name under the SG
hierarchy.
3.2 An individual or entity is not restricted to her/their choice of an
internet access/service provider. If the chosen IAP/ISP is not one that
operates under the SG domain, then the requestor will be levied an annual
administrative charge to cover the cost of providing the DNS support.
3.3 The SGNIC or some such entity will decide on the charges for such
administrative activities. The cost shall not be prohibitive and must
be reasonable. The SGNIC or some such entity will have to right to waive
such administrative charges on a case by case basis.
3.4 Support for an entity under the SG domain does not imply that such
an organization is physically located in the political and geographical
entity of Singapore. Being under the SG domain is a logical association
rather than a physical one. This is exactly what is the case when
an entity is registered under the Top Level Domain of .com, .org, .int
and .net. Such a scheme allows for organizations that belong to a SG entity -
for example, the Singapore Embassy in Manila - to be under the DNS
embassy-manila.mfa.gov.sg even though they are physically located in Manila.
3.5 Domain names requested for shall be names that are not commonly regarded
as words that are derogatory or potentially offensive. The language used
to determine will be English and transliterations of words into English from
other common languages. The SGNIC will reject all such requests. The
requestor whose domain name request was denied shall appeal to the Chief
Administrator of SGNIC for reconsideration. The Chief Administrator of
SGNIC decision on this issue shall be final.
4.0 Resolution of Name Conflicts
4.1 All requests for a domain name will be accepted on a first come, first
served basis.
4.2 Should there be a conflict of names, the second and all subsequent
requestors will be told of such (see also 5.0 below) and asked to pick a
new one.
4.3 DNS registration requests will be provided on a form modelled after
what is used by APNIC and Internic - modified as appropriate for terminology
and context.
4.4 Entities registering under the com.sg/biz.sg shall provide to the SGNIC
proof of their existence by way of a business certificate or a copy of a
government gazette indicating that they are indeed legally constituted entities.Failing to pro
vide such proof puts the application on hold and the requestor
will be duly notified. After one week of being notified, the application will
be rejected if nothing is forthcoming and the application sent back to the
requestor.
4.5 *.org.sg requests can be made by any group. Proof of registration with
the Registry of Societies would be optional. When a conflict of names occur,
section 4.2 above will apply. If two or more applications for the same domain
name are received and before registration is completed by SGNIC, the application
which was first in and complete with ROS registration will be granted the
domain name.
4.6 Should a domain name be granted and subsequently found to be a tradename
or copyrighted by some other entity, the SGNIC or some such entity that granted
the domain name will not be liable for any legal action. It is upto the holder
of the legal tradename or copyright to settle the right of use and ownership
with the holder of the domain name.
5.0 Reclaiming Domainnames
5.1 Reclaiming domainnames will be done only when there is a request for
registration of an existing domain name. When such a request is made, the
SGNIC will inform the current holders of the requested domain name to indicate
if the domain name is active and in use. If the domain name holder does not
indicate that the domain name is in use or active, the SGNIC will reclaim the
domain name and re-issue it to the new requestor.
5.2 In order that this reclamation is done fairly, SGNIC will with due
diligence and in good faith, inform the current known holder of the domain
name using all normal means of communication including electronic mail,
postal mail, fax and phone calls.
5.3 A period of one month shall be provided to let the current holder
of a domain name to respond. Failing which, the SGNIC will consider that
the domain name has been given up and re-issue it to the new requestor.
6.0 Adding New Second Level Domains
6.1 The SG domain structure is designed to be extended at the second
level when needed.
6.2 A second level domain (SLD) shall be created when there is an need for one.
It shall be proposed to the SGNIC by anyone from the Internet community in
Singapore or could have been brought up by the SGNIC on it's own.
6.3 A public discussion period of at least one month is needed to determine
if there really is a need for such a SLD.
6.4 After the one month period, the SGNIC will decide after considering
all the arguments stated for and against such a request. This decision
will be made in good faith and with the intention to make the SG domain
structure clear and consistent and for the greater good of the Singaporean
Internet community.
=============================================================================